Imiqondo Yokuklama Yezakhiwo Zezimboni Zensimbi

Phakathi noshintsho olubanzi lwemboni yezokwakha oluya ekuthuthukisweni okuluhlaza kanye nentuthuko yezimboni, izakhiwo zensimbi ezilungisiwe—ezisebenza njengezinto zokwakha eziyinhloko zezitshalo zezimboni, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, kanye nezakhiwo ezifanayo—zihlangabezana nesidingo semakethe esikhula kancane kancane.

Ukufaneleka kokusebenza kuyisimiso esiyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwe izakhiwo zobunjiniyelaUmklamo kumele uhambisane eduze nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zebhizinisi kanye nemisebenzi yokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokwakha ihambisana ngokugcwele nezidingo zokusebenza.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka kwendawo yefektri kufanele kuhlelwe ngokunembile ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bomugqa wokukhiqiza, izidingo zokufakwa kwemishini, kanye nemizila yokuphatha izinto. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunquma ububanzi bokwakha obufanele, isikhala samakholomu, ukuphakama kwesakhiwo, kanye namandla omthwalo we-crane girder. Isibonelo, izitshalo zokukhiqiza imishini esindayo ngokuvamile zidinga ububanzi obukhulu (ngokuvamile amamitha angu-24-36), ukuphakama okucacile okuphezulu (amamitha angu-8-12), kanye nezinhlelo ze-crane ezinamandla okuphakamisa amathani angu-30-50. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izitshalo zokuhlanganisa ze-elekthronikhi ezilula zingasebenzisa isikhala esincane samakholomu, zithuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala, futhi zengeze phansi kwe-mezzanine emahhovisi noma indawo yokugcina amashedi ensimbi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izidingo ezikhethekile zezinqubo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza kumele zicatshangelwe. Izitshalo zamakhemikhali zidinga ukuvikelwa okuthuthukisiwe kokugqwala, njengezimbozo ze-fluorocarbon noma izingxenye zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe. ukwakhiwa kweshabhu yensimbi badinga izibani zomoya kanye nezendlalelo zokushisa ukuze bavimbele amalungu ensimbi ukuthi angaguquguquki ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ama-workshop ahlanzekile, okwamanje, adinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kokuvalwa kwamalunga esakhiwo sensimbi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqongelela kothuli nokuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokukhiqiza ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka.

Umklamo wokuphepha we isakhiwo sensimbi se-workshop esilungisiwe kumele ibhekane ngokuphelele nezilinganiso ezintathu ezibalulekile—ukuphepha kokuthwala imithwalo, ukuphepha komlilo, kanye nokuphepha kokuzamazama komhlaba—ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuphila kwesakhiwo.

Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha kokuthwala umthwalo, kudingeka izibalo eziqondile zesakhiwo ukuze kukhethwe amazinga ensimbi afanele futhi kuthuthukiswe imininingwane yokuxhumana. Isibonelo, ukuxhumeka okuqinile kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlanganisweni ze-beam-column ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwamandla okuphumelelayo. Amabhawodi amelana nokugunda ayengezwa ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwama-grinder e-crane namakholomu ensimbi ukuvimbela ukukhululeka okubangelwa ukudlidliza okubangelwa umthwalo.

Ukuphepha emlilweni kungenye yezinselelo ezinkulu zezakhiwo zensimbi futhi kufanele kuxazululwe ngokuhlanganiswa kwe ukuvikelwa komlilo okwenziwa ngaphandle futhi ukuvikelwa komlilo okusebenzayo. Ukuze kuvikelwe kalula, kufakwa izembozo ezingashisi umlilo ezithweni zensimbi—izembozo ezincane zifanelekela izindawo ezinamazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-500 °C, kuyilapho izembozo ezijiyile zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinengozi enkulu yomlilo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amabhodi angashisi umlilo angasetshenziswa ukuvala amalungu ensimbi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sigcina umthamo waso wokuthwala umthwalo okungenani amahora angu-1.5 ngesikhathi somlilo. Ukuze kuvikelwe okusebenzayo, izinhlelo zokufafaza ezizenzakalelayo kanye namadivayisi e-alamu yomlilo kufanele kufakwe kahle ukuze kufinyezwe isikhathi sokuphendula komlilo futhi kulawulwe ukusabalala komlilo ngempumelelo.

Ukuphepha kokuzamazama komhlaba kumele kwakhiwe ngokuhambisana nokuqina kokuzamazama komhlaba kwendawo yesakhiwo. Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ngcono ukusatshalaliswa kokuqina kwesakhiwo nokusebenzisa izimiso zokuklama 'izinsika eziqinile, imishayo ebuthakathaka' kanye 'nezihlanganisi eziqinile, amalungu abuthakathaka.' Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivayisi okuhlakaza amandla noma okunciphisa umswakama angafakwa ezisekelweni zezinsika ukuze kuncishiswe ukudluliswa kwamandla okuzamazama komhlaba futhi kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kokuzamazama komhlaba kwesakhiwo.