Izincomo Zezinhlelo Zokwakha Zefektri Yesakhiwo Sensimbi

Isakhiwo sendawo yokusebenzela yensimbi zisetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokwakha izimboni ngenxa yamandla azo aphezulu, ukwakhiwa okusheshayo, kanye namakhono amakhulu. Ifilosofi yazo yokuklama ayiyona nje inhlanganisela yezakhi zobuchwepheshe, kodwa indlela ehlelekile egxile ezinhlosweni ezibalulekile njengokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokusebenza, isiqinisekiso sokuphepha, ukusebenza kahle komnotho, kanye nokusimama okuluhlaza, ukulinganisela izidingo zokukhiqiza izimboni nenani lesikhathi eside lesakhiwo.

Umklamo wezomnotho we isakhiwo se-workshop sesakhiwo sensimbi sokwakha akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zangaphambi kwesikhathi; kunalokho, kufuna ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwezindleko zokwakha, izindleko zokusebenza nokulungisa, kanye nezindleko zokusebenzisa.

Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuklama, izindleko zokwakha zingancishiswa ngokwenza ngcono uhlelo lwesakhiwo. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa izingxenye zensimbi ezijwayelekile njenge-H-beams kanye ne-C-sections kunciphisa izindleko ezengeziwe ezihlobene nokwakhiwa okungejwayelekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi kufanele kulawulwe ngokucophelela ngokuhlaziywa kwezinto ezilinganiselwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izingxenye zamalungu futhi kugwenywe ukuklama ngokweqile—ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi efektri kugcinwa ku-30–50 kg/m². Ukusebenza kahle kokwakha nakho kuyacatshangelwa: ukwamukela indlela 'yokwakhiwa kwangaphambili kwefektri + ukuhlanganiswa endaweni' kungafinyeza izakhiwo zensimbi ezilinganisa ukukhanya isikhathi ngo-30–50% uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi.

Ukuze kusetshenziswe futhi kugcinwe isikhathi eside, ukuvikelwa kokugqwala kufanele kuqiniswe ngokukhetha insimbi eshintshashintshayo noma izembozo ezihlala isikhathi eside zokulwa nokugqwala, okwandise impilo yenkonzo yamalungu ensimbi (imijikelezo yokulungisa ingandiswa kusukela eminyakeni emi-3-5 kuya eminyakeni engu-8-10). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka komklamo kufanele kufakwe, njengokumbozwa okususekayo kanye nokuphakama kwe-crane girder okulungisekayo, ukuze kube lula ukuthuthukiswa kwemigqa yokukhiqiza yesikhathi esizayo noma ukuguqulwa kokusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe imfucuza evela ekwakhiweni kabusha okuphindaphindiwe.

Umklamo oluhlaza usube ngumqondo oyinhloko ku isakhiwo sohlaka lwensimbi futhi kufanele igxile ekukhetheni izinto, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo.

Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswayo: Kufanele kunikezwe insimbi ephinde isetshenziswe, engafinyelela izinga lokuphinda isetshenziswe elingaphezu kuka-90%, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezingaphinde zisetshenziswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokumboza ezinobungani nemvelo ezifana namaphaneli esandwich e-rock wool—anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela ukushisa (ukushisa okuphezulu ≤0.04 W/(m·K))—zingasetshenziswa ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesakhiwo.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla: Imithombo yamandla yemvelo kufanele isetshenziswe ngokugcwele. Isibonelo, izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zingafakwa ophahleni ukuze zinikeze ingxenye yesidingo sikagesi sefektri. Imichilo yokukhanyisa uphahla, evame ukumboza u-15-20% wendawo yophahla, isiza ekunciphiseni ukukhanya okwenziwe emini. Ukuthuthukisa ukuqondiswa kwefektri—ikakhulukazi eceleni kwe-axis esenyakatho-eningizimu—kuhlanganiswe namafasitela ophahla anomoya, kwenza kube lula ukungenisa umoya kwemvelo futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-air conditioner ehlobo.

Ukuphathwa Kwemvelo: Umklamo kufanele uhlanganise izinhlelo zokuqoqa nokwelapha amanzi angcolile okukhiqiza kanye namagesi okukhipha umoya ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo. Izinhlelo zokuvuna amanzi emvula zingafakwa futhi ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha amanzi aqoqiwe ekuniseleni indawo noma ekuhlanzeni phansi, okukhuthaza ukuphathwa kwamanzi okusimeme.