Iintlobo ezi-5 zeZakhiwo zeNsimbi ezisetyenziswa kwiZakhiwo zeNsimbi yoShishino

Ngokophando lweshishini, izakhiwo zentsimbi yemizi-mveliso kwicandelo elingelilo elokuhlala abantu zithatha i-60.5% yesabelo semarike yesakhiwo sentsimbi yehlabathi ngo-2025. Olu bukho bemarike bubangelwa kakhulu kumthamo obalaseleyo wentsimbi wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokuqina kwexesha elide. Ngoko ke, zeziphi iintlobo zezakhiwo zentsimbi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo zoshishino?

Intsimbi ikhethwa kakhulu xa isetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zoshishino nezorhwebo ngenxa yeempawu zayo eziphezulu zoomatshini. Inika umlinganiselo ophezulu wokuqina-ubunzima, amandla aqinileyo okutsalwa, ukumelana nokugqwala okunamandla (xa iphathwa kakuhle), kunye nokuphinde isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ezi zibonelelo zivumela izakhiwo zentsimbi ukuba zilungelelanise ngokukhawuleza neemfuno zoshishino ezitshintshayo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.

Ngenxa yoko, izakhiwo zesakhiwo sentsimbi ziye zaba sisisombululo esithandwayo kwiiprojekthi zoshishino ezifuna ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokusebenza ixesha elide.

·Ulwakhiwo lweSakhelo sePortals

Izakhiwo zefreyimu zePortal ziphakathi kweentlobo zezakhiwo zentsimbi eziqhelekileyo ngenxa yobulula bazo nokusebenza kakuhle. Ziqulathe iintsika zentsimbi ezithe nkqo kunye neebhari ezithe tye ezidityaniswe ngamajoyina aqinileyo, zenze isakhelo esizinzileyo esikwaziyo ukuhamba imigama emikhulu ngaphandle kweenkolamu eziphakathi—ngesiqhelo iimitha ezingama-50 ukuya kwezili-100—ukwandisa indawo yangaphakathi esebenzisekayo.

Olu ncedo loyilo lwenza iifreyimu zesango zilungele iindawo zokugcina impahla, iifektri, okanye iziko lokuhambisa impahla apho kufuneka kufakwe iikhreyini eziphezulu, iimezzanines, okanye ezinye izixhobo ezinkulu zangaphakathi. Uyilo lwazo olucacileyo luqinisekisa izicwangciso zomgangatho eziguquguqukayo nezingenaziphazamiso, zixhasa zombini iindlela zokugcina izinto kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

·Izakhiwo zeBeam kunye neKholamu (Isakhelo)

Iifreyimu zemiqadi kunye neekholamu zenza umqolo wezakhiwo zentsimbi yemizi-mveliso ezinemigangatho emininzi. Le nkqubo isebenzisa imiqadi ethe tye exhaswa ziikholamu ezithe nkqo, eziqhagamshelwe ngeebholiti okanye nge-welding ukwenza isakhelo esifana negridi.

• Iingenelo: Iguquguquka kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiindawo ezinemigangatho emininzi okanye kwiindawo zokugcina izinto ezibekwe ngokuthe nkqo.

• Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe: Ngokwesiqhelo zifuna iikholamu zangaphakathi ezongezelelweyo, nto leyo enokunciphisa indawo esebenzisekayo yomgangatho.

·Izakhiwo zeTruss

Izakhiwo zeTruss ziyilwe ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yenxantathu, ziphucula amandla ngelixa zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto. Ngokuyintloko zithwala amandla e-axial (uxinzelelo okanye ukucinezelwa) endaweni yokugoba okanye ukucheba amandla, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele uphahla olukhulu.

• Ulwakhiwo: Iintonga zentsimbi okanye iityhubhu ezicwangciswe ngokweeyunithi ezinxantathu ukuze kufumaneke amandla afanelekileyo.

• Izicelo: Uphahla lwezakhiwo ezinkulu zoshishino, iibhulorho, kunye nee-hangars zeenqwelo-moya.

·Izakhiwo zeArch

Iinkqubo zeArch zenziwe ngolu hlobo:

• I-Arch Ephambili: Amalungu entsimbi agobileyo, anamandla aphezulu anokukwazi ukumelana namandla anzima ngaphandle kokugoba.

• Iinkxaso zeArch: Zifumaneka kuzo zombini iziphelo, zihlala zifuna iziseko ezinzulu ukuze zihlale zizinzile.

• Izinto eziNcedisayo: Ziquka imiqadi enqamlezileyo, iiphaneli zophahla, kunye neengqimba zokufaka ubushushu ukuze kuhlanganiswe iimodyuli.

• Iingenelo: Ivumela iindawo ezinkulu, inika ukukhanya kwendalo okuphezulu, kwaye ivumela ukwandiswa okanye ukuqhekeka lula.

• Imida: Uyilo oluntsonkothileyo lwenza ukuba ingalungelani nokumelana nomthwalo osecaleni kwaye lunokuthintela ukuphakama okuthe nkqo.

·Izakhiwo zeGridi

Izakhiwo zegridi zenziwe ngamalungu entsimbi—iityhubhu okanye amacandelo—aqhagamshelwe kwiindawo zokwenza i-lattice eqhubekayo, edla ngokucwangciswa ngaphakathi iipateni zesikwere, ezinxantathu, okanye ezisikwereZingasebenza njenge izakhelo zesithuba okanye iigridi ezicwangcisiweyo, zisasaza imithwalo ngokulinganayo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.

Kwizakhiwo zentsimbi esele zenziwe ngaphambili, izakhiwo zegridi zihlala zisetyenziswa yenziwe njengeeyunithi zemodyuli ngaphandle kwendawo, enokuthi ukunciphisa ixesha lokwakha ngama-30–50%Le ndlela isebenza ngakumbi kwizakhiwo zentsimbi zoshishino ezifuna ukusasazwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nendibano yemodyuli enokwandiswa.