Hanganga hanganga maitai kua oti te hanga i mua i te paerewa o Amerika me te whare putunga whenua
Whakataki hua
He momo whare hou ngā whare hanganga rino e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei awheawhe, whare putunga, whare tari, whare kura, whare hangar, wāhi waka, papa tākaro me ētahi atu. He ngāwari te huihui, he tere te tāutanga, he roa te ora, he mea hangarua mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga, ka whakakapia e ngā whare hanganga rino ngā whare raima tuku iho, ngā whare pereki rānei.
Ngā Āhuatanga
1. He māmā te kaha o te hanganga anga o te tatau, he mārama te ara tuku kaha, ā, he tere te hanga. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā whare ahumahi me ngā whare tūmatanui pēnei i ngā whare ahumahi, arumoni, ahurea, me ngā whare whakangahau tūmatanui.
2. He ngāwari ngā hanganga anga whare rino, ā, ka taea te hanga i tētahi wāhi nui ake. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā whare maha-papa me ngā whare teitei pērā i te whare tari arumoni, te toa hokohoko, te pokapū hui me ētahi atu whare.
3. Ko te hanganga rino he whakamahi i te ngongo whakawhiti-wāhanga iti hei hanga i ngā wāhanga whakawhiti-wāhanga nui ake, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whare ahumahi me ngā whare ā-iwi pērā i te tuanui whānui, te piriti, te pourewa, te papa whakaputa hinu moana, me ētahi atu, he whānui, he teitei rānei te whānui o te whare.
4. Ko te hanganga mata maitai he hanganga wāhi kore-taurangi teitei, he mea hanga mai i ngā tokotoko maha e ai ki ētahi ture, he iti te ahotea o te wāhi, he mama, he pakari teitei, ā, he tino ātete ki te rū whenua. Ka taea te whakamahi hei whare takaro, hei whare whakaaturanga, hei teihana penehīni me ngā whare hangar, me ētahi atu.
Hanganga | Wāhanga | Whakatakotoranga |
Hanganga Matua | Pou me te Kurupae Anga | Ngā tuhi Wāhanga H/I me te As Q355B |
Whakarewa | Whakarewa Āwhata Ruku Aunoa | |
Te Tukatuka Mata | Paninga, Pirau rānei | |
Pūtu Kaha Teitei | Tau 10.9 | |
Hanganga Tuarua | Purini | Rahi Purlin C/Z mai i C120-C320, Z100~Z300, |
Āwhiowhio Koki | Q235B L-Steel | |
Taupoki Whakawhiti/Taupoki X | Paipa Porowhita Q235B | |
Pae Here | Pae Porowhita Q235B | |
Pūnaha Tuanui | Rauemi tuanui | Papa Hanawiti-Pu/Huruhuru Karāhe/Huruhuru Toka/EPS 50mm-200mm kua whakamahanatia |
Papa Whakamārama o te Rangi | 1.2mm FRP | |
Taunga wai | Taupoki Rino, Pirau/Panihia 2.0mm-3.0mm | |
Pupuhi Ua/Paipa Iho | Paipa PVC | |
Pūnaha Pakitara | Rauemi Pakitara | Papa Hanawiti-Pu/Huruhuru Karāhe/Huruhuru Toka/EPS 50mm-200mm kua whakamahanatia |
Ngā Taputapu | Hiri, tīwiri tā-whaiaro me ētahi atu | |
Taupoki Tapa | Tae maitai | |
Pūwero hau | Pūwero Whakahauora Rere-Axial Kore-Mana, Tuanui Aroturuki rānei | Ka taea te whakarite |
tatau | Kūaha Hurihuri Hiko/Tūaha Retireti/Tūaha Taha Uru | Ka taea te whakarite |
Matapihi | Konumohe/PVC | Ka taea te whakarite |
Kēreini | 1-200 T | Ka taea te whakarite |
Te tākai | Anga maitai matua, kāore he kawenga tākai i roto i te 40' OT; | |
Te utaina o te tuanui me te pakitara ki te 40' HQ! | ||
Rino Āhua-H
Ngā painga o ā mātou hua:
he tino pai te mahi a te whakamarumaru wera, ā, he pai te noho o ngā rauemi ārai hauhautanga, ā, he tino pai te noho.
Te rerekētanga o te maitai Z me te maitai C
Ina iti te pari o te tuanui, he paku nui ake te modulus piko o te purlin momo-Z i tērā o te purlin momo-C, engari kāore i te nui te rerekētanga. Ina piki ake te pari o te tuanui, ka piki ake te whai huatanga o te modulus piko o te purlin momo-Z e ōrite ana ki te ahunga poutū. Nō reira, he pai te purlin-Z mō te tuanui he pari nui ake. Mō te metope, kāore he rerekētanga nui o te whiriwhiri i te Z, i te C rānei. Mena ka hangaia he purlin hei mema tonu, he pai ake te purlin Z, nā te mea he ngāwari ki te takai.
Papa Hanawiti
He pai te papa hanawiti mō ngā kaupapa he nui ngā whakaritenga ātete ahi. He pai te ātete oro. Hei tāpiri, ko te haruru o roto e puta mai ana i te ua me te whatu i muri i te whakamahinga o te hanawiti.
He rōpū miihini ngaio tā mātou, ā, neke atu i te 10 tau te nuinga o rātou e mahi ana i roto i te ao hoahoa. He maha ngā wheako o tā mātou kamupene ki te hoahoa, ki te hanga, ki te tāuta me ērā atu mea. He tino pūkenga ngā kaimahi. Ko ētahi o rātou i āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te tāuta i te whare putunga huri noa i te ao.
1. Ratonga Whakaritenga
He tīma hoahoa ngaio tā mātou, ā, tekau tau te roa o te wheako ki te hoahoa. Ka taea e mātou te whakatutuki i ō hiahia takitahi.
Me ngā wāhanga rino maha-momo, ngā panera tuanui me te pakitara, ngā tatau me ngā matapihi hei whiriwhiri.
2. Whakaaturanga Whakaputa
Ka taea e mātou te whakarato atu ki a koe ngā whakaahua, ngā ataata, me ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā hononga whakaputa katoa, mai i ngā rauemi mata ki te tukatuka maitai, tae atu ki te tukanga whakaputa katoa. Ka taea hoki e koe te waea mai ki a mātou mā te ataata ki te mātaki i te whakaputanga o te awheawhe.
3. Aratohu Tāutanga
Ka whakaratohia ngā tohutohu tāutanga me ngā ataata, ka taea hoki e mātou te tuku i ā mātou miihini ki tō papaanga hei aratohu tāutanga, mā rātou e ako ō tāngata ki te hanga kaupapa.
● Mena he tuhi āu, nau mai ki te whakapuaki mai i ngā tuhi ki a mātou, ka tukuna he tono utu i runga i ō tuhi. Mā tā mātou tīma hoahoa pai rawa atu e hoahoa te whare putunga awheawhe hanganga maitai māu.
● Ki te homai e koe ngā mōhiohio e whai ake nei, ka hoatu e mātou he tātuhinga e pai ana ki a koe.
① Tauwāhi (kei hea te wāhi e hangaia ai?) Ko tēhea whenua? Ko tēhea tāone?
② Rahi: Roa*whānui* Teitei o te tuanui _____mm*_____mm*_____mm
③ kawenga hau (tere hau mōrahi) _____kn/㎡, _____km/h, _____m/s
④ te kawenga hukarere (teitei mōrahi o te hukarere) _____kn/㎡, _____mm, te awhe pāmahana?
⑤ taumata ārai-rū whenua？
⑥ Tuanui me te Pakitara: whakatauhia te rauemi o te panera, pērā i te panera maitai tae, me te panera hanawiti whakarewa.
⑦ Ngā Matapihi me ngā Tatau: he aha te rauemi, te rahinga, me te momo?
Te takai tiaki, ka utaina ngā anga rino ki te 40'OT, 40'GP rānei, ngā panera tuanui me ngā pakitara, ā, ko ētahi atu ka utaina ki te 40'HQ, 40'GP rānei.
